It's my first time at the AAFP National Conference and my first time in Kansas City; actually it's my first time in Missouri. Nice place, good barbeque.
Do you remember when we had that discussion: Why is primary care not sexy? I think it was during the Crisis in Primary Care talk last fall. After Dr. Epperly's keynote speech yesterday, I think we can all agree that if primary care was not sexy before, it sure is now. What a great beginning to what is turning out to be a great conference! I definitely think everyone should have the chance to hear Dr. Epperly speak on the current healthcare reform...
Well, guess what?
Dr. Epperly is coming to BUSM in October! More details are coming, but suffice it to say that the FMIG Region 4 Coordinator, our very own Sebastian Tong, cornered Dr. Epperly at NC last year and somehow convinced him into putting BUSM onto his calendar during his trip to the AAFP Scientific Assenbly in Boston!
Yesterday, the first day of the conference, I attended a number of great workshops, my favorite being "Maternal Care and Childbirth." Dr. Scott Stringfield from the Via Christi Family Medicine Residency in Wichita, KS, examined most of the misperceptions surrounding family medicine physicians who practice obstetrics.
I became much more interested in family medicine after learning that family docs CAN deliver babies, and that family docs CAN perform c-sections. Two weeks after my last exam of first-year, I shadowed on the Labor & Delivery floor at BMC for a day. It was so cool, you should definitely do it too. If you didn't know already, at BMC the attending duties on L&D are equally shared by an OB/Gyn physician, a family medicine physician, and a midwife!
However, there are many physicians who will argue that family physicians cannot safely provide obstetrical care for a myriad of reasons such as inadequate training. Dr. Stringfield encouraged all of us to examine the data and to look at existing family medicine residency programs that include extensive OB training.
Family Physician OB Stats from the presentation:
In 1987 41% of family physicians did OB in practice
As of December 2008 (latest figures available) …
22.9% family physicians doing OB (range 8.0 – 45.4 %)
Highest region – West North Central @ 45.4% (IA, KS, MN, mo, NE, ND, SD)
7.3% family physicians do c-sections (range 0.8 – 11.1 %)
4% of FM privileges denied (usually related to OB)
Highest area of restriction – New England region 4.9%
Studies show that family physicians deliver 23% of America’s babies!
After going through many advantages of including OB in your practice, Dr. Stringfield also addressed audience concerns such as rising malpractice costs and difficult schedules. Come talk to me at school or email me if you want to hear more details!
In the afternoon session of the conference I attended a clinical skills workshop put on by our good friends from the Central Maine Medical Center Family Medicine Residency Program (http://www.cmmcfmrp.org/.)
After a brief discussion reviewing the primary and secondary trauma examination surveys (the first for the unconscious, disoriented, unstable patient or one with multiple injuries and the second for a more detailed exam of the pertinent injuries on a stable patient), we broke up into four groups to work on some hands-on skills.
In the first group, we discussed open versus closed trauma and their general management, as well as when to treat an injury and keep hiking versus when to pack out. In the second group, we practiced using various items you may have at a campsite to immobilize and brace a leg, for example using a camping pad and clothes to splint a leg from above the knee to below the ankle.
In the third group, we practiced "unfolding people", safely moving them from positions you find them down after an injury in, back to a neutral position that would make it easier to carry them away from the site. Too bad we didn't have a camera with us at this session; you could have seen your own Jen Hsia professionally unfold me.
Fittingly, in the last group we practiced various ways to carry injured people. We were challenged to come up with ways to carry people alone (piggyback, fireman's carry, allowing them to lean on you) and with a partner (shoulders and ankles, allowing them to brace between you.) One of the best answers was to form a chair out of your and your partner's arms forming a square base. We also experimented to figure out the best way to use a tarp and two long sticks (if you have them) to carry someone out. We decided the best way was to place the sticks on the 1/3 lines of the tarp, folding the tarp over them, using the person's body weight to hold the free ends down.
Overall, it was a great workshop, mixing in some teaching with hands-on practice of some very helpful techniques. It was also nice to see the CMMC people again. They come down about once per year to teach workshops like this at BUSM for the FMIG and some students (myself included) elect to spend their 6 week core Family Medicine rotation up at CMMC in Lewiston, ME.
Dr. Ted Epperly gave three concrete suggestions about what medical students can do to participate in health care reform right now.
1) Join Connect for Reform. It is an e-advocacy campaign that keeps members up to date about current health care reform efforts and provides easy mechanisms to act.
2) Join Fam Med Pac, the federal political action committee. Donations are welcome there - even a small donation is great!
3) Contact your congress representative or/and senator during August recess about health care reform.
While the National Conference for Family Medicine Residents and Students features a multitude of workshops and lectures, there are important "business" meetings that occur in the background. These meetings of the Resident and Student Congresses produce recommendations and actions that range from...
"Recommending that the AAFP express condolences to the families and communities of physicians and their advocates murdered while providing patient care."
to
"Recommending the AAFP strongly promote bicycle helmet usage..."
to
"Recommending that the AAFP strongly encourage the individual constituent chapters to develop preceptorships in underserved areas for all medical students."
This afternoon, I sat in on a 2-hour orientation session where members were nominated for different representative positions, current officers gave updates from the many different boards and committees, and AAFP reps gave an overview of the resolution development process. In all it was remarkable to see the underpinnings of the operation of a large professional organization. How does one reach consensus statements? Where do new ideas come from? This session laid the groundwork for these procedures and I hope to see how they play out tomorrow and Saturday.
After the orientation, student and resident members broke out into smaller topic-based discussion groups on issues surrounding Minority Health, Underserved Populations, Rural Health, Medical Education/Curriculum, Legislature/Public Policy, and more. I sat in on the Legislature/Public Policy discussion - understandably one of the more popular groups this year - and heard about current health reform efforts from those who are intimately involved in the process. It was fascinating to hear the mechanisms and politics involved in the process of shaping different health care bills. At the same time, it was incredibly empowering to know that senior-level officers from the AAFP (present at the discussion) were very interested in us producing resolutions that expressed our opinion on things like the current ideas of a public insurance option.
That's all for now! More from the halls of the Kansas City Convention Center later!
The student and resident conference directors introduce Dr. Ted Epperly
Dr. Ted Epperly, the AAFP President and Program Director of Family Medicine Residency in Idaho, spoke eloquently about health care reform at this specific time. He called our current health care system the “perfect storm:” 20 million uninsured, businesses that can’t afford to provide employees health care any more. He believes that the current economic crisis and President Obama will come together to create change in our health care system! For example, the first law that President Obama signed into law on becoming President was S-CHIP providing health care to uninsured children.
Ted Epperly, MD, FAAFP, AAFP President addressing students and residents
He explained things that are being presented in Washington DC currently. President Obama has been engaging different groups stating that:
The status quo is not acceptable
Each group must give at least a bit in their position.
We must have reform this year!
He said that President Obama believes strongly in family medicine and primary care. He recounted a recent town hall meeting on health care reform where he was the only person called on by name by President Obama, not as an individual but as a representative of family physicians and primary care doctors. Dr. Epperly reiterated to the President that reform cannot happen unless we have a primary care backbone to that reform. He argued that “Fixing primary care is fixing the health care system.”
The current system is failing the American public. Medical schools are producing 90% specialists and 10% primary care doctors. We need 50-50 to serve the American people. Medical schools don’t get it: they are producing doctors to function in specialty hospitals and academic centers. The public needs primary care doctors who will serve in the community and serve the people.
The World Health Organization stated this year that each good health care system must be founded on a good primary care system! This was pushed by the American contingency led by the HHS Secretary.
The AAFP is playing a key role in these health care reforms. If the AAFP is not at the table then they are on the menu! The health care reform is changing not by the day but by the hour! We have a great advocate for Family Medicine in President Obama!
This is an exciting time to be a part of family medicine and primary care given all the health care reform - throughout the conference, we will be finding out about more opportunities to get involved with this health care reform in this exciting time in health care reform history!
Good morning from Kansas City! Today is the first day of the 3 day National Conference for Medical Students and Residents. Over the next three days, we will be posting regular updates on the Blog about different sessions and workshops at the conference. Keep checking in regularly for updates and to hear about what’s going on!
We know the commonly cited statistics: the United States of America spends more money on health care than any other country, yet the health outcomes of this expenditure are far from the best (between 20th and 50th, depending on the indicator). As future health care providers, it is incumbent upon us to address this discrepancy, since it leaves countless patients unnecessarily sick (and in financial debt). A brief glance at the current debate reveals a number of root causes as identified by a variety of groups: administrative overhead, malpractice insurance and defensive medicine, better (more costly) technology, more availability and promotion of prescription drugs, a growing population of elderly patients coupled with more intense end-of-life care...
“Come on,” the general surgeon finally said. “We all know these arguments are bullshit. There is overutilization here, pure and simple.” Doctors, he said, were racking up charges with extra tests, services, and procedures.
This is the hook to surgeon-writer Atul Gawande's recent article in The New Yorker about the causes of health care costs in the USA. For this article, he traveled to McAllen, Texas, whose expenditure on health care is second only to Miami. On the ground, he spoke with physicians, hospital administrators, local business persons, and working-class residents. His research and conversations indicate that the principle reason for increased health care expenditure is that physicians in McAllen are systematically overusing medicine. Physicians as Gatekeepers
If we look at the distribution of health care expenditure (below), physicians control the majority of decisions about expenditures...and rightly so. After all, shouldn't trained healers be the ones working directly with patients to determine the appropriate services to provide?
U.S.A. National Health Care Expenditures, 2006Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group.
Compiled by the Kaiser Family Foundation.
Despite this key role, however, gatekeeper physicians have received relatively little attention/scrutany until recently. Drug companies, insurers, hospitals, and medical device manufacturers traditionally dominate the national conversation. Gawande reminds us of the central role that physicians play in the health care system - for better or for worse.
Health-care costs ultimately arise from the accumulation of individual decisions doctors make about which services and treatments to write an order for. The most expensive piece of medical equipment, as the saying goes, is a doctor’s pen. And, as a rule, hospital executives don’t own the pen caps. Doctors do.
- Atul Gawande, "The Cost Conundrum"
"Blind Spots": Personal Bias in Medicine
At the Second Annual (Student-run) Cultural Competence Workshop at BUSM, Prof. Linda Barnes spoke about cultural "blinds spots" that physicians may bring into the patient room. She mentioned biases with regard to cultures of race, class, gender, education, nationality, BMI, etc. But why does this matter? Most people would contend that very few physicians are outright "racist" or "sexist." The impact of subconscious "blind spots", however, is subtle and often occurs when medical decision-trees are less clearly defined. One example from Gawande's article describes a study done on physicians from high- and low-expenditure cities who were given sample patient cases with a ranging degree of established treatment protocols. They found that...
...in cases in which the science was unclear, some physicians pursued the maximum possible amount of testing and procedures; some pursued the minimum. And which kind of doctor they were depended on where they came from.
- Atul Gawande, "The Cost Conundrum"
So what is it about place (high- or low-expenditure city) that is related to use of medical services? A comparison between McAllen and El Paso, Texas - a city with similar demographics and significantly lower health care expenditure - indicates that this difference is unrelated to physician training, patient needs, availability of technology, or physician incentive structures. So what is the X factor? Economic Culture
About fifteen years ago, it seems, something began to change in McAllen. A few leaders of local institutions took profit growth to be a legitimate ethic in the practice of medicine. Not all the doctors accepted this. But they failed to discourage those who did. So here, along the banks of the Rio Grande, in the Square Dance Capital of the World, a medical community came to treat patients the way subprime-mortgage lenders treated home buyers: as profit centers.
- Atul Gawande, "The Cost Conundrum"
Rather than a culture of race or gender influencing medical decision-making, Gawande posits that a culture of profiteering took hold in McAllen and, furthermore, threatens to dominate the national health care scene. The reason that this culture permeated McAllen is a combination of individual actions and systemic context. In a health care system that compensates quantity over quality and that promotes individualism/fragmentation over teamwork, individual revenue-leaning physicians were easily able to shift their behavior from using only necessary labs & procedures to using the maximum possible. How to Transform a Revenue-focused Culture to a Healing-focused Culture
While McAllen may be an outlier, it represents an extreme that has the potential to spread throughout the current health care system, further-sending health care expenditures through the roof. Fortunately, in better defining the nature of the issue in terms of medical culture, Gawande implicitly points us in the direction of a solution: cultural re-shifting towards collaborative, quality-driven medical care. In designing a cultural shift, one must do at least three things:
Establish principles of the "new" culture
Create mechanisms for turning these principles into action
Disseminate the principles and mechanisms to the target market (ex. physicians)
Here are some ideas for how this might be done...
1. Establish principles of collaboration, quality-focused and patient-centered health care.
It seems that in our current state of high-cost, low-quality health care, we have spend much of our energy on cost-containment - this being the mantra of current health reform efforts. This seems consistent with the philosophy of W. Edwards Deming, a management consultant who "made a significant contribution to Japan's later reputation for innovative high-quality products and its economic power" (Wikipedia), who noted that when organizations focus on cost, then over time costs rise and quality falls. On the flip-side, however, when organizations focus on quality, then quality improves and costs fall. Although simplistic, this philosophy is echoed by Prof. Michael Porter, an expert on competitive strategy who recently focused his attention on competitive environments in health care. Porter (2008) states that in order to be successful, health reform must be guided by three principles:
A common goal of value for patients (i.e. patient-centered)
Medical practices organized around conditions and care cycles (i.e. collaborative)
Measurement of results (i.e. quality-focused)
In parallel with Porter, several medical societies, including the AAFP, have developed principles for a Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH). In addition to the above values, the PCMH includes appropriate payment structures, enhanced access, physician-directed medical practice, and personal physicians.
2. Develop mechanisms for implementing the principles of good care.
Delivering health care based upon the principles of collaboration, a focus on quality, and patient-centered care is a challenge given the fragmentation and quantity-focus of current policies. The PCMH is an attempt to implement the guiding principles within the current system. This following video from the AAFP describes how, by combining traditional primary care and family medicine with modern technology, the PCMH has already been integrated into existing clinics and has produced better health outcomes, improved physician job satisfaction, and reduced costs. Satisfied early-adopters include IBM, which had the following endorsement: "IBM believes that the Patient-Centered Medical Home addresses the core issues of what's lacking in health care."
The Patient-Centered Medical HomeThe value of the patient-centered medical home in the words of patients, physicians, employers and policy leaders. From the AAFP.
3. Actively promote adoption of principles and mechanisms
How does one engineer a culture shift? One answer lies with the experts of massive behavior influence: Coca-Cola, Philip-Morris, Nike, etc. In promoting a culture shift, these organizations use active approaches at multiple levels to meet their goals of maximizing revenue: lobbying for public policies, focused marketing campaigns, word-of-mouth, and more. In the realm of public policy-making, however, these ideas have lagged far behind the private sector. Only in 2008 was the term "culture change" with regard to public policy coined by Knopf et al. in their paper, "Achieving Culture Change: a policy framework." Knopf et al. integrate ideas from behavioral economics - a field that combines human and social sciences (esp. with decision-making theory) with economic models - with traditional policy-making theory (ex. incentives, regulations and legislation) to describe multi-level approaches to enacting more effective public policy. In effect, they are adopting the strategies of the private sector.
However, while Knopf et al. describe both society-wide (ex. economics, media, & law) and individual (ex. peers, family, community & workplace) influences on culture change, Gawande seems to point out that in our current discussion of health care reform, individual-level influences (i.e. "anchor-tenants") are being left out. In his popular book, "The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make A Big Difference," Malcolm Gladwell explores the nature of how individual-level actors can create epidemics of products, ideas and behaviors (ex. AYBABTU). In relation to the innovation diffusion curve (below), Gladwell describes three major agents that can drive an epidemic:
The Maven - collectors of knowledge. They are the "early adopters" in the Innovation Diffusion Curve below and constantly have their ears on the ground.
The Connector - knows a lot of people. They take innovations and disseminate them to the right people.
The Salesman - powerful persuaders. They help bring an innovation from early adoption to larger diffusion.
How can one reach the Mavens, Connectors and Salesmen of the proposed epidemic of quality-driven medical care? Much like pharmaceuticals target key enzymes (i.e. "hubs," the Kevin Bacon's of the cellular world), the promoters of the culture shift must specifically target Gladwell's agents of change. The well-organized and broadly-based medical societies (ex. AAFP, AMA, APS, etc.) offer one potential route for specific targeting. They have identified leadership and local chapters that can quickly disseminate and gather information. These chapters have the ability to administer brief surveys to their members that could identify the potential change agents in their community of physicians (ex "How many physicians do you have weak ties with in your community?", "How many medical journals do you keep updated on?", etc.). Once these individuals are identified, local or regional chapters can host workshops designed to empower these agents of change to develop an intentional culture of collaborative, quality-focused and patient centered medical care. This is the most effective way of using few resources to have the greatest impact on individual level elements of culture. The time for health reform is now, and, as Gawande warns, even if we improve finance structures, if we don't address physician culture, we could still see trends of higher expenditure and lower quality.
The decision is whether we are going to reward the leaders who are trying to build a new generation of [collaborative and quality-focused solutions]. If we don’t, McAllen won’t be an outlier. It will be our future. -Atul Gawande, "The Cost Conundrum"
What do you think?
Are physicians really responsible for high-expenditure in health care?
Can the PCMH address issues of quality-improvement and cost-reduction?
If so, is a cultural change possible?
Do we have a right to "engineer" culture change at an individual-level or is it up to traditional policy?
Do physicians (as a social group) have a responsibility to improving society-wide health?
It's not too late to sign up for the AAFP National Conference for Medical Students and Residents! Family Medicine is the only specialty to have a conference uniquely focused for medical students. The conference includes:
lectures from key speakers on health policy (this year's theme)
Register before July 1st to save $50 on registration. Talk to Dr. Joanne Wilkinson for funding: the Dept of FM/SCOMSA/Mass State Chapter of Family Physicians provides funding for BU students attending!
This just in... Our FMIG won the national AAFP Program of Excellence Categorical Award for Promoting the Value of Primary Care. 10 overall and 4 categorical awards are offered each year. The award aims to promote family medicine and share ideas nationally with other FMIGs. This is the first time BU's FMIG has been awarded the PoE award!
Click here to check out other award winners or read our application/accomplishments this year.
Today, almost 40 first and second years had lunch with 4 fourth years who matched in primary care residency programs to discuss clerkship and residency questions before they graduate in just a few weeks. If you were unable to attend, here's a summary of our discussion with Caitlin, Derek, John, and Robin, all of whom were candid in sharing their memories, experiences, and advice.
How did you decide to go into primary care; when did you make that decision? With experiences before coming to BUSM like being in the Peace Corps and volunteering in urban shelters, most of the students knew from the beginning that they wanted to be in primary care. The family medicine clerkship at BU was also a great experience. One of the 4th years initially wanted to do surgery, until he finished the surgery clerkship and realized that it was not for him-- all that getting-up-early and standing-all-day business. He's now going into pediatrics with an interest in neonatology.
International away rotations: how many, and which clerkships can count? In 4th year, you can do up to 3 away electives. Loophole: there are "inside away" electives, which are programs that are not here at BU, but that are credited and count as though you did it here. So, you could potentially do up to 4 months away, plus an additional 2 months of vacation/interview time... you could be away from Boston for 6 months! You can do away rotations for any of the clerkships if you find the right programs. One of the 4th years did the ER clerkship in Chile and the Family Medicine clerkship in Lesotho!
Did ICM affect your decision for residency? Short answer: no. Longer discussion: the students shared that in such a big hospital setting, you will run into residents and attendings in the various clerkships who may look down on primary care. That can be discouraging, but it also brought the students who were interested in primary care closer together with shared experiences.
What do you wish you had known before starting third year; general advice? In all your clerkships, keep an open mind. You may be surprised by what you enjoy, what you are good at, and what you do not like. In your clerkships, push push push for what you want to do and learn. As the youngest member in a large team setting, it is easier to stay in the background, but if you are proactive in your education, you will have many more opportunities to do and to learn. Arrive 5 minutes early and quickly review the patients who were admitted overnight to be more prepared when you round on the patients! When things are difficult, remember that each clerkship is temporary and short, and you WILL get through it. Don't take mean comments personally if it happens. Know that you are getting excellent clinical training at BU.
Which third year clerkships are better to do at BMC instead of the other sites? Medicine, surgery, and pediatrics were highly recommended to do at BMC. And the fourth years all advised that the order of your clerkships in 3rd year does not really matter-- except that doing medicine before surgery will be really helpful. One tip was that new residents start in June/July, so you may have less chances to do procedures compared to the end of the year in April/May. Another tip: your sub-internship grades are important, and there are many sub-i choices.
Favorite part of your clinical years in med school? Sub-I. By that point, you do feel like you know what you are doing, and it's fun. Doing a rotation at an Indian Health Service, a completely different experience. Going abroad for electives.
Lastly, remember to eat something before going into the OR lest you pass out!
As the school year draws to a close, we want to thank the FMIG leaders from this past year for all their hard work Jen Hsia, Leah Schweid, Sebastian Tong, Jessica Gray, and Marcel Tam organized almost 30 FMIG events this year! There were panels, sports medicine workshops, book talks, the National Primary Care week, and much more. We wish them all the best, especially on their upcoming USMLE Step 1 exam!
The new FMIG leaders for the upcoming year are:
Caitlin Christie
Carly Grovhoug
Donna Kurowski
Erkeda DeRouen
Jessica Chi
Lucas Thornblade
Neetu Srivastava
We know that we have big shoes to fill, so we're really excited for next year! Contact any one of us if there are any events, talks, ideas you'd like to see FMIG host; we'd love to hear from you!
BUSM students find out where they are accepted for residency on Match Day 2009. This photo was featured in the New York Times.
Each year, on March 19, thousands of medical school seniors receive their long-awaited match results indicating which residency they will attend. So how did Family Medicine fare this year?
At BUSM, Family Medicine matches held relatively steady, while nation-wide numbers were down. 9 students matched in family medicine this year (down from 10 last year). Match sites included:
Boston University
Swedish First Hill, Seattle
Swedish Cherry Hill, Seattle
Middlesex, CT
UCSD, CA
Contra Costa, CA
Brown University, CA
According to the Boston Globe, primary care match rates are holding fairly steady across the state.:
BU: 26 percent of 150 students (17 percent last year)
Harvard: 10 percent of 165 students (12 percent last year)
Tufts: 18 percent percent of 104 students (17 percent last year)
UMass: 39 percent of 100 students (35 percent last year)
However, nation-wide reports that only 1,083 graduating US medical seniors chose family medicine this year, 89 fewer than last year. However, 2,329 of 2,555 family medicine residency positions were taken for a fill rate of more than 91%, which is slightly greater than last year. The difference between family medicine residency positions taken and matching US seniors is filled by foreign international graduates, who fill more than half of all available family medicine residency positions.
Why do more medical students not choose family medicine? A recent report from the Graham Center showed that more medical students would choose careers in primary care if schools were to (1) increase student recruitment from rural and medically-underserved areas and (2) provide long-term experiences in primary care.
Do you agree? What do you think should be done to increase the number of students entering family medicine?
AAFP President Ted Epperly, MD speaks to President Obama at the White House Health Care Summit on March 5th, 2009. Watch the YouTube video.
As the White House Office of Health Reform, headed by Nancy-Ann DeParle, takes on the urgent task of designing a health care system that works for everyone in the United States, Family Physicians are playing a key role in this debate. At the White House Health Care Summit on March 5th, 2009, President Obama's administration invited about 120 key stakeholders to the White House to build bipartisan support for the work being done. The AAFP, represented by AAFP President Ted Epperly, MD (Boise, Idaho) was one of seven medical associations present.
Of the seven organizations - which included the American Medical Association (AMA), the the third-largest lobbying group (based on expenditures) - President Obama called on the AAFP to represent the perspective of primary care physicians. A surprised Epperly stated that family physicians are ready to "roll up their sleeves" to support the changes needed to improve health in the United States. He also noted the critical need to address physician workforce shortages.
This opportunity resulted in the creation of the AAFP "Connect for Reform" campaign to bring together physicians working on the front-line of health care reform and to take their issues to the front-row of the debate on health care reform. With the President's ear already open to the voices from the front-line, this is a unique opportunity to make the changes that you think will fundamentally improve our health care system.
On March 19, Dr. Larry Culpepper, Chair of the Family Medicine Department, and Dr. Doug Hughes, Clerkship Director for Psychiatry, led a very informative lunch-time discussion on the role of the primary care physician in mental health care, as well as the importance of collaboration between psychiatrists and PCPs. Dr. Culpepper spoke about research demonstrating the importance of treating depression in improving health outcomes for patients with diabetes and heart disease. In addition, Dr. Hughes highlighted the necessity of teamwork between psychiatrists and PCPs to minimize harmful drug interactions as well as to monitor the adverse systemic side effects of some psychiatric drugs and conversely the adverse psychiatric outcomes related to systemic treatments. Overall, Dr. Culpepper and Dr. Hughes highlighted the need for clinicians to be aware of mental illness and its impact on patient functioning, as well as the need for insurance companies to ensure parity for both mental health and systemic diseases.
The Residency Program from Central Maine Family Medical Center came to present their residency program, and teach us a few common dermatological procedures seen in family medicine practices.
We used pig's feet to practice making elliptical excisions of "moles" and then were taught how to suture them up. The second exercise of the workshop was taking punch biopsies from the pig's feet, and suturing the cut shut. The Maine team also taught us how to use the liquid nitrogen as a treatment for warts and superficial lesions, as well as a scraper for shaving off surface growths (again, practiced on pig's feet). The basics of skin cancer were also reviewed.
The Family Medicine Interest Group (FMIG) at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) is part of a national network of FMIGs organized by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP).
